大瑶山调查与费孝通民族研究的理论自觉

Fei Xiaotong's Theoretical Self-consciousness of Ethnic Studies:Focusing on his Surveys in the Yao Mountains

大瑶山调查在费孝通的民族研究中有着重要地位。1935年第一次大瑶山调查时,费孝通主要以体质人类学为视角,从体质、文化、语言等方面研究特定民族。以这次调查及对民族的认识为基础,费孝通曾对顾颉刚的"中华民族是一个"理论提出质疑。新中国成立后,费孝通在思考中华民族"多"与"一"的关系过程中,逐步认识到必须要从历史的视角、从整体研究和微型研究的结合中探讨中国各民族和中华民族的形成以及各民族交往融合等问题,并提出了"中华民族多元一体格局"这一重要理论。费孝通对大瑶山的历次调查,深刻地反映出其民族研究的理论自觉的历程。

Dr.Fei Xiaotong's survey in the Yao Mountainshas an important position in his ethnic Studies.In the first survey in the Yao Mountains in 1935,Dr.Fei focused on the aspects such as physique,culture and language in physic anthropological perspective.Based on this survey,Dr.Fei once queried the validity of Gu Jigang's statement about the theory of'Only One Chinese Ethnic'.After 1949,Dr.Fei increasingly realized that the formation and inclusion of Chinese people and all peoples should be studied from the perspectives of history,and from the combination of researches of viewing the situation as a whole and mini-researches,in the end the significant theory of'The pattern of diversity in unity of the Chinese Nation' was concluded. Hence,Dr.Fei has become an example of theoretical selfconsciousnessof ethnic studies.The course of theoretical self-consciousnessof ethnic studies was mirrored profoundly from Dr.Fei's surveys in the Yao Mountains.