《华严经》对中华审美意识建构的意义

The Significance of Huayan Sutra for the Formation of Chinese Aesthetic Consciousness

在佛教中国化的过程中,华严宗有着重要贡献。华严宗所尊奉的主要经典《华严经》有着浓郁的美学色彩。随着晋译《六十华严》、唐译《八十华严》和《四十华严》的通行,《华严经》所描绘的华藏庄严世界海的佛国之美,其所运用的"香""光"等重要概念丰富了中国美学的审美范畴;和中国美学中本有的"味""观"一道引导着善财童子在参学于文殊菩萨的"随其心乐现自在身"、普贤菩萨的"清净身"、弥勒菩萨的"自在境界"等五十三位善知识的修行过程中不仅观瞻到了华严世界的无比灿烂、辉煌、壮丽,也达到融实入虚,化实为虚,虚实相生的生命创化世界、真善美相统一的人生境界和审美境界。这境界既是现实的,又是理想的;既是可感的,又是虚幻的;既是有限的,又是无限的。《华严经》的"境界"观成为中国美学境界说最为重要的理论来源。其以"平等清净心"为动力以生命创造为行为的最高成果,不是真,也不是善,而是美。华严世界是美的最高境界。华严世界的创造及其中隐喻的身心关系实际上揭示出了中华审美意识的奥秘。

Huayan Sutra has made a considerable contribute to the Chinization of Buddhism.The Huayan Sect has treated Huayan Sutra as their major scripture.This book has a great influence in China and has been translated into Chinese for many times in the Jin and Tang Dynasties.Huayan Sutra is closely connected with aesthetics.It used a lot of significant concepts,such as 'the fragrance'and ‘the light',to describe the gorgeous paradise.These concepts expended the realm of Chinese aesthetics.Most importantly,Huayan Sutra attributed the beauty of the paradise to 'the state of freedom and ease'.It is real and ideal,sensible and visional,limited and unlimited.'The state of freedom and ease'in Huayan Sutrais the most important origin of its theory formation in Chinese aesthetics.Thus,Huayan Sutra has agreat significance for the formation of Chinese aesthetic consciousness.