近代东北交通与城市人口的增长及流布(1860—1931)

The Correlation Between Traffic and Urban Population's Growth,Mobility,and Distribution in Northeast Region of China from 1860 to 1931

人口的聚散直接决定了城市的兴衰。近代交通体系的建立及发展促成大量人口进入并流动于东北地区,并为移入人口提供相关就业机会,使其由季节性流动成为永久性居留人口。同时,交通体系的节点或枢纽及其周边吸纳了大量移民,逐渐发展为近代城镇或使原有城镇得到进一步拓展。近代交通体系的应用及发展对东北城镇人口增长、流布的变化所发挥的影响是巨大而深远的,两者间产生了直接而重要的关联与互动。

Accumulation and dispersion of population determines the prosperity of a city. The establishment and development of modern transportation system in Northeast region of China not only significantly contributed to a large flow of immigrants into and their mobility in the region,but also provided these immigrants with a great number of employment opportunities.Furthermore,it has gradually changed the status of these seasonal migrants into permanent residents in the region.Meanwhile,these immigrants fostered the development and expansion of the nodes or hubs of a transportation system.The application and development of modern transportation has a tremendous and profound impact on the growth,mobility,and distribution of population in the region.There was a direct and important correlation and interaction between the development of the transportation system and that of the cities in Northeast region of China from the mid-19 th century to the early 20 th century.