商业银行人权政策框架研究

Framework Study for Commercial Banks on Human-Rights Policy

在当今全球化的世界中,商业银行在分配金融资源中扮演了一个极为重要的角色,世界上大多数的公司和政府都依赖于商业银行的金融服务。国际法和国际惯例业已承认,金融机构作为一种特定类别的公司,具有人权义务和责任。但是,赤道原则的内在缺陷和商业银行现有的人权政策并不能有效地防止或避免商业银行成为侵犯人权的"共谋"。鉴于人权问题的复杂性和长期性,本文并非为商业银行设立一个通行的人权义务标准,而是致力于为商业银行未来人权政策体系建设设计出一个切实可行的框架。为此,本文首先在澄清商业银行人权"共谋"概念的基础上,阐明商业银行制定人权政策的必要性与可行性,其次,结合国际条约和国际惯例的相关规定,界定出商业银行制定人权政策的最佳国际标准,并根据银行业监察组织关于商业银行现行人权政策的调查情况,分析并概括出商业银行现行人权政策存在的主要缺陷。最后,提出进一步完善商业银行现行人权政策的具体措施,以期能够妥善地解决商业银行在人权问题上应承担的义务和责任。

In the process of world globalization,commercial banks play a very important role in the allocation of worldwide financial resources.The majority of companies and governments all over the world have to rely on the financial services of commercial banks.International law and conventions have committed that as a specific category of companies,the financial institutions should conform to relative human rights and responsibilities. However,the inherent defects in the Equator Principles and the existing human-rights policy of commercial banks can not effectively prevent or avoid commercial banks''co-conspiratorial'role in violating human rights.In view of the long-term and complexity of the issue of human rights,this article doesn't aim to establish a prevailing standard of human-rights obligations for commercial banks,but to design a practical framework for commercial banks,which is committed to the companies' future policies on human rights.Based on the clarification on concept of human rights of'complicity', this paper will clarify the need and feasibility for commercial banks to develop human-rights policy.What's more,by the light of relative international treaties and provisions, it defines the best international standard for the formulation of human rights policy,as well as analyzes and generalizes the main problems and defects in existing human-rights policies of commercial banks based on the BankTrack's surveies on the current application of international commercial banks' human-rights policy.Finally,in response to the defects,this paper raises specific measures to further implement the existing human-rights policy of commercial banks in order to solve the corresponding obligations and responsibilities effectively.