摘要
第一次直奉战争之后,北洋猛虎们终于羽翼丰满,抛弃了自己的恩师,把"文人总统"老徐赶下了宝座。
He set himself against Yuan Shih-kai when Yuan was trying to get into the throne, and he was even praised by the revolutionists for this;in his later years,he pledged his life to not to cooperate with Japanese invaders,which had won respect nationwide.
