考虑用电量不确定性的智能电网实时定价策略

Real-time Pricing Strategy Based on Uncertainty of Power Consumption in Smart Grid

实时定价是调节电力供需平衡的理想定价机制,是智能电网发展中需要研究的关键问题之一。以用户总效用最大、供电商成本最小为目标,研究实时定价策略。考虑用户配有新能源发电,并对电器进行分类。在用户用电量具有不确定性的情况下,利用相邻时段用电量之间的联系,给出一个多时段的社会福利期望最大化模型。首先对目标函数进行转换,将研究的不确定问题转化为确定的非光滑优化;其次经过对约束条件的光滑化后,利用对偶分布式方法对问题进行求解,得到实时电价;最后通过数值仿真验证了模型的合理性和算法的有效性。

As an ideal mechanism to adjust balance between power supply and demand,real-time pricing is one of the key issues in development of smart grid.In this paper,the real-time pricing strategy of smart grid is studied for the purpose of maximizing the total utility of users and minimizing the cost of energy supplier.The power generation from renewable energy on demand side is considered,and electrical appliances are classified.In the case of uncertain power consumption of users,an expectation maximization model of social welfare in multi-time intervals is established using the relationship between power consumptions in adjacent time intervals.Firstly,the objective function of uncertainty problem is transformed into a deterministic non-smooth optimization.Then,after smoothing the constraints,dual distributed method is used to solve the problem,and the real-time price is obtained.Finally,simulation results validate rationality of the proposed model and effectiveness of the algorithm.