美国禁令制度在商业特许经营合同中的适用及其借鉴

A Reference-oriented Study of Injunction in Franchise Contract

美国禁令制度作为一种预防性救济措施,在商业特许经营合同领域广泛适用,以保护当事人免受难以弥补的损失,法院归纳出的适用条件主要包括实体法胜诉的可能性、申请人将遭受难以弥补的损失、双方利益损失的权衡和不得损害社会公众利益。我国实体法上的预防性救济措施——停止侵害、排除妨碍和消除危险主要适用于绝对权受到侵害或危险的情形,原则上不适用于纯债权性违约行为。我国能够针对纯合同行为适用的、与美国禁令制度最相近的就是行为保全制度,但其适用条件并不明确。可通过借鉴美国禁令制度的"四要件"适用标准对我国的行为保全制度进行完善,对商业特许经营合同当事人提供预防性救济措施,保护其合法权益免受难以弥补的损失。

As a preventive measure,injunction is applied extensively to franchise contract in America. The application conditions of American injunction concluded by the court are likelihood of success on the merits,irreparable injury,balance of harms and public interest. In China,the preventive measures such as cessation of infringement,exclusion of hindrance and elimination of dangers are applied to tort but not to nonperformance. The most similar preventive measure in China as to the American injunction,which can apply to the contract action,is the act preservation;but the application conditions are not explicit. We can perfect it by reference of the application conditions of the American injunction,in this way we can provide an effective and preventive measure for the parts of the franchise contract to protect them from the irreplaceable loss.