高温超导带材制备工艺的发展现状

The present situation of the preparation process for high-temperature superconducting tapes

由铋锶钙铜氧(BSCCO)制成的铋系带材、由钇钡铜氧(YBCO)制成的钇系带材和二硼化镁(MgB2)线带材是目前实用化程度最高的三种高温超导带材。制备工艺是影响其性能的主要因素,随着传统工艺的发展和新工艺的应用,高温超导带材在制备规模和性能上均有明显提升。热等静压技术解决了铋系带材的致密性问题,高质量4 mm宽铋系带材的临界电流Ic可达200 A,且通过封装增强层可应用于各种复杂的工作环境。薄膜沉积工艺的优化与开发使钇系带材的制备取得了突破,国内外已有多家公司可提供千米级的商用钇系带材,且带材的Ic普遍达350 A/cm以上,正朝单根1 000 A/cm的目标迈进。先进管线成形工艺的应用使MgB2的单根制备长度增加了数倍,在低温强磁场下的性能优势,使其有望成为该环境下的主流产品。

BSCCO tape,YBCO tape and MgB2 tape are High Temperature Superconducting(HTS)wire which is widely used in engineering and the preparation of them affects their performance greatly.With the development of traditional preparation technologies and the application of new preparation technologies,the performance and preparation scale of HTS wire are improved obviously.Hot Isostatic Pressing(HIP)technology has solved the question of compactness for BSCCO tapes,the critical current of high quality BSCCO tapes with the width of 4 mm reaches about 200 A.Besides,BSCCO tapes can be used in complex environment via packaging with reinforcing materials.The optimization and exploitation of the technologies for film deposition bring a great breakthrough to the preparation of YBCO tapes.At present,many companies at home and abroad can provide thousand-meter scale YBCO tapes for commercial,the critical current of most part of that tapes are over 350 A/cm and they will move forward to 1 000 A/cm in the near future.The length of single MgB2 tape increases several times with the advanced technologies for tube forming.The development of preparation also give performance superiority to MgB2 tapes under strong magnetic fields at low temperature so that MgB2 tapes are hopefully to be the mainstream products in that environment.