哺乳期犊牛代乳品中蛋白质来源的研究进展

Research Progress of Protein Source in Milk Replacer of Sucking Calves

代乳品中的蛋白质来源是哺乳期犊牛培育过程中决定培育效果和经济效益的重要因素。20世纪60年代至今,哺乳期犊牛代乳品中的蛋白质来源经历了乳蛋白、酪蛋白、乳清蛋白、非乳源动物蛋白和植物蛋白等几个阶段。由于乳源蛋白价格上涨,使得代乳品成本升高,寻求能够提供与乳源蛋白相同饲喂效果但价格低廉的非乳源蛋白已成为重要的研究方向。本文在概述不同蛋白质源营养特性及蛋白质组分功能特性的基础上,针对其在哺乳期犊牛代乳品中的应用进行综述,重点阐述不同蛋白质来源代乳品对哺乳期犊牛生长性能、营养物质消化率、胃肠道发育、免疫与健康方面的研究进展,为后续非乳源蛋白的开发提供理论依据。

Protein source of calves’ diet determines the feed effect and economic benefit during the sucking calves breeding process.From the 1960 s to the present,the source of protein in milk replacer of sucking calves has undergone several stages of using milk proteins,casein,whey protein,non-milk animal protein and plant protein.As the price of milk protein increases,the cost of milk replacer increases,it has become an important research direction to seek non-milk protein that can provide the same feeding effect as milk protein with lower cost.On the basis of summarizing the nutritional characteristics of different protein sources and functional properties of protein components,this paper focused on the different protein sources of milk replacers on sucking calves’ growth performance,nutrient digestibility,gastrointestinal development,immune and health,which provided a theoretical basis for the development of non-milk protein sources in milk replacer.