冬季饮水温度和流速对断奶仔猪应激、生长性能及养分表观消化率的影响

Effects of Winter Drinking Water Temperature and Flow Rate on Stress,Growth Performance and Nutrient Apparent Digestibility in Weaned Piglets

本试验旨在研究冬季饮水温度(DWT)和流速(DWF)对断奶仔猪应激、生长性能及养分表观消化率的影响,探究适宜的饮水参数。采用2×2二因子试验设计,选用30日龄"杜×长×大"断奶仔猪64头,按体重、性别比例一致原则分为4组,各组DWT和DWF分别为13℃+300 mL/min、13℃+700 mL/min、30℃+300 mL/min、30℃+700 mL/min,每组4个重复,每个重复4头猪,试验期共28 d。试验测定了断奶仔猪的生长性能、应激、养分表观消化率及肠道形态等指标。结果表明:1)第14天时,饮用30℃水使仔猪血清皮质醇含量显著降低(P<0.05),DWF对仔猪血清皮质醇含量无显著影响(P> 0.05);第28天时,DWT和DWF对仔猪血清皮质醇含量无显著影响(P>0.05),对仔猪心脏、肝脏和胃中热休克蛋白70(Hsp70)含量无显著影响(P>0.05);但DWT和DWF对仔猪肝脏Hsp70含量有显著交互影响(P<0.05)。2) DWT对仔猪平均日增重(ADG)、料重比(F/G)、用水总量和饮水摄入量有显著影响(P<0.05); DWF对仔猪的生长性能和用水量无显著影响(P>0.05),降低DWF使用水总量和水浪费量有所降低但差异不显著(P>0.05)。3) DWT对仔猪空肠绒毛高度、绒毛高度/隐窝深度(V/C)有显著影响(P<0.05),并对粗蛋白质、粗脂肪和能量的表观消化率有显著改善作用(P<0.05); DWF对仔猪空肠绒毛高度有显著影响(P<0.05),对养分表观消化率无显著影响(P>0.05)。由此可见,在冬季给断奶仔猪饮用30℃+300 mL/min的水有助于缓解仔猪在冬季的冷应激,提高饮水摄入量,改善肠道形态和养分表观消化率,有利于仔猪生长性能的发挥。

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of winter drinking water temperature (DWT) and flowrate (DWF) on stress,growth performance and nutrient apparent digestibility in weaned piglets. Sixty-four 30-day-old weaned piglets were allocated into four groups by a 2 × 2 two factorial arrangement according to the consistent principle of weight and sex ratio,DWT and DWF of the 4 groups were13 ℃ + 300 mL/min,13 ℃ +700 mL/min,30 ℃ +300 mL/min,30 ℃ +700 mL/min,respectively,and with4 replicates per group and 4 piglets per replicate. The experiment lasted for 28 d. The growth performance,stress,apparent digestibility of nutrients,and intestinal morphology were measured in this study. The result showed as follows: 1) at day 14,drinking 30 ℃ water significantly reduced serum cortisol content (P <0.05),DWF had no significant effect on serum cortisol content (P > 0.05). At day 28,DWT and DWF had no significant effect on serum cortisol content (P > 0.05),and no significant impact on heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) content of heart,liver and stomach in weaned piglets (P>0.05). However,the DWT and DWF had an interactive effect on Hsp70 content of liver in weaned piglets (P<0.05). 2) DWT had significant effects on average daily gain (ADG),the ratio of feed to gain (F/G),water consumption and water intake (P<0.05).DWF had no significant effect on growth performance and water consumption in weaned piglets (P> 0. 05),however,lowering DWF tend to reduce water consumption and water wastage (P > 0. 05). 3) DWT significantly affected the villus height and villus height to crypt depth ratio (V/C) in jejunum (P<0.05),and significantly increased the apparent digestibilities of crude protein,ether extract and energy of piglets (P < 0. 05).DWF significantly decreased the villus height in jejunum (P<0.05),and had no significant effects on the apparent digestibilities of nutrients of piglets (P>0.05). It can be concluded that providing 30 ℃ + 300 mL/min water to weaned piglets in winter can alleviate the cold stress by increasing the intake of drinking water,and further promote the growth performance of piglets through improving intestinal morphology to enhance nutrient apparent digestibility.