母猪妊娠后期和泌乳期饲粮中添加小麦水解蛋白对初乳中氨基酸含量、生长因子和仔猪肠道发育的影响

Effects of Dietary Hydrolyzed Wheat Gluten to Sows during Late Gestation and Lactation on Amino Acid Contents and Growth Factors in Colostrum and Intestine Development of Piglets

本试验旨在研究母猪妊娠后期和泌乳期饲粮中添加小麦水解蛋白(HWG)对初乳中氨基酸含量、生长因子和仔猪肠道发育的影响,为其在母猪饲粮配制中的应用提供试验依据。试验选用3～4胎次、预产期相近的妊娠母猪33头,随机分为3组,每组11头母猪。对照组母猪饲喂基础饲粮,试验组母猪于妊娠第90天至泌乳第21天在基础饲粮中分别添加1%和2%HWG,所有饲粮均等能等氮。结果发现:1)与对照组相比,饲粮中添加1%和2%HWG显著提高了15～21日龄仔猪的平均日增重和仔猪21日龄时的断奶体重(P<0.05),添加1%HWG显著提高了仔猪平均初生重(P<0.05)。2)与对照组相比,饲粮中添加1%和2%HWG显著提高了初乳中组氨酸、异亮氨酸、亮氨酸、赖氨酸、苏氨酸和胰岛素生长因子-I含量(P<0.05),添加1%HWG显著提高了初乳中天冬氨酸、谷氨酸、色氨酸和酪氨酸含量(P<0.05),添加2%HWG显著提高了初乳中甘氨酸、丝氨酸、胰岛素和表皮生长因子含量(P<0.05)。3)与对照组相比,饲粮中添加1%和2%HWG显著降低了断奶仔猪血清中的氨含量以及空肠中炎性细胞因子[白细胞介素(IL)-8、IL-6、IL-1β和肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)]和回肠中炎性细胞因子(IL-8和TNF-α)的mRNA相对表达量(P<0.05),并显著提高了断奶仔猪十二指肠、空肠、回肠的绒毛高度和隐窝深度的比值(P<0.05);添加2%HWG显著提高了断奶仔猪血清中白蛋白含量(P<0.05),显著降低了断奶仔猪回肠中炎性细胞因子IL-6的mRNA相对表达量和回肠的隐窝深度(P<0.05)。4)与对照组相比,饲粮中添加1%HWG显著提高了断奶仔猪空肠紧密连接蛋白-4 (claudin-4)的表达(P <0. 05),添加2%HWG显著提高了断奶仔猪空肠紧密连接蛋白-3 (claudin-3)、claudin-4和闭合蛋白(occludin)的表达(P <0.05)。综上所述,母猪妊娠后期和泌乳期饲粮中添加HWG可提高初乳中氨基酸和生长因子水平以及蛋白质的利用效率,改善仔猪的肠道健康和促进生长发育。

The aim of the present study w as to investigate the effects of dietary hydrolyzed w heat gluten (HWG) to sows during late gestation and lactation on amino acid contents and growth factors in colostrum and intestine development of piglets,in order to provide the experimental basis for its application in sow s feeding preparation. Thirty-three pregnant sow s w ith 3 to 4 parities and similar due dates w ere selected and randomly allocated to one of three groups w ith 11 sow s per group. The sow s in the control group w ere fed a basal diet,and those in the experimental groups w ere fed the basal diet supplemented w ith 1% and 2% HWG from the 90 thday of gestation to the 21 stday of lactation,respectively. All the diets w ere made iso-nitrogenous and iso-energetic.The results show ed as follow s: 1) compared w ith the control group,dietary 1% and 2% HWG significantly increased the average daily gain of piglets from 15 to 21 days of age and the w eanling body w eight of piglets at 21 days of age (P < 0. 05),dietary 1% HWG significantly increased the average birth w eight of piglets (P <0.05). 2) Compared w ith the control group,dietary 1% and 2% HWG significantly increased the contents of histidine,isoleucine,leucine,lysine,threonine and insulin-like grow th factor Ⅰ in sow ’s colostrum (P <0.05),dietary 1% HWG significantly increased the contents of aspartic acid,glutamic acid,tryptophan and tyrosine in sow ’s colostrum (P<0.05),and dietary 2% HWG significantly increased the contents of glycine,serine,insulin and epidermal grow th factor in sow ’s colostrum (P < 0. 05). 3) Compared w ith the control group,dietary 1% and 2% HWG significantly decreased the serum ammonia content and mRNA relative expression levels of inflammatory cytokines in the jejunum such as interleukin (IL)-6,IL-8,IL-1β and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) and in the ileum such as IL-8 and TNF-α of w eaned piglets (P<0.05),and significantly increased the ratio of the villus height to crypt depth in the duodenum,jejunum and ileum of w eaned piglets (P<0.05). Dietary 2% HWG significantly increased serum albumin content of w eaned piglets (P<0.05),significantly decreased the ileal IL-6 mRNA relative expression level and the ileal crypt depth (P < 0. 05). 4)Compared w ith the control group,dietary 1% HWG significantly enhanced the protein abundance of claudin-4 (P<0.05),while dietary 2% HWG resulted in enhancing protein abundances of claudin-3,claudin-4 and occludin in the jejunum of w eaned piglets (P<0.05). In conclusion,dietary HWG to sow s during late gestation and lactation can improve the levels of amino acids and grow th factors in colostrum and the utilization efficiency of protein,thus promoting the intestinal health and grow th of piglets.