饲粮添加不同水平黄芪多糖对冬毛期银黑狐生产性能、血清生化和免疫指标及肠道形态结构的影响

Effects of Different Dietary Astragalus Polysaccharide Supplemental Levels on Performance,Serum Biochemical and Immune Parameters and Intestinal Morphology of Silver Foxes during Winter Fur-Growing Period

本试验旨在研究饲粮添加不同水平黄芪多糖对冬毛期银黑狐生产性能、血清生化和免疫指标及肠道形态结构的影响。试验选取40只157日龄、平均体重为(5 458±54) g的健康雄性银黑狐,随机分成4组,每组10个重复,每个重复1只。各组分别饲喂在基础饲粮中添加0(对照组)、100(Ⅰ组)、200(Ⅱ组)和300 mg/kg(Ⅲ组)黄芪多糖的试验饲粮。预试期7 d,正试期40 d。结果表明:1)Ⅱ组的平均日增重显著高于Ⅰ组和Ⅲ组(P<0.05),与对照组差异不显著(P>0.05)。Ⅱ组的料重比极显著低于Ⅲ组(P<0.01),显著低于Ⅰ组(P<0.05),与对照组差异不显著(P>0.05)。各组之间平均日采食量、体长、鲜皮长、针毛和绒毛长均无显著差异(P>0.05)。2)Ⅱ组的血清低密度脂蛋白胆固醇含量极显著低于对照组(P <0.01),与Ⅰ组和Ⅲ组差异不显著(P>0.05)。Ⅱ组的血清葡萄糖含量显著低于对照组和Ⅰ组(P<0.05),与Ⅲ组差异不显著(P>0.05)。各组之间血清甘油三酯、胆固醇、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇含量无显著差异(P>0.05)。3)各组之间血清总蛋白、白蛋白、球蛋白含量及白蛋白/球蛋白无显著差异(P> 0. 05)。4)Ⅱ组的血清白细胞介素-2含量显著或极显著高于其他3组(P<0.05或P<0.01),其他3组间差异不显著(P>0.05)。各组之间血清免疫球蛋白A、免疫球蛋白M、免疫球蛋白G、补体3、补体4、肿瘤坏死因子含量无显著差异(P>0.05)。5)Ⅱ组的绒毛高度极显著高于对照组、Ⅰ组和Ⅲ组(P<0.01)。Ⅱ组的隐窝深度极显著低于对照组(P<0.01),显著低于Ⅲ组(P<0.05),与Ⅰ组差异不显著(P>0.05)。Ⅱ组的绒毛高度/隐窝深度极显著高于对照组和Ⅲ组(P<0.01),与Ⅰ组差异不显著(P>0.05)。由此可见,饲粮中添加200 mg/kg黄芪多糖能降低冬毛期银黑狐血清葡萄糖和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇含量,提高血清白细胞介素-2含量,改善肠道形态结构,有利于增加肠道的消化吸收能力,但并未提高生产性能。

This experiment w as conducted to study the effects of different dietary Astragalus polysaccharide (APS) supplemental levels on performance,serum biochemical and immune parameters and intestinal morphology of silver foxes during the w inter fur-grow ing period. Forty healthy 157-day-old male silver foxes w ith average body w eight of (5 458±54) g w ere randomly divided into 4 groups w ith 10 replicates per group and 1fox per replicate. Foxes in each group w ere fed basal diets supplemented w ith 0 (control group),100 (groupⅠ),200 (group Ⅱ) and 300 mg/kg (group Ⅲ) APS,respectively. The experiment was 7 days for adaption and 40 days for trial period. The results show ed as follow s: 1) the average daily gain of group Ⅱ w as significantly higher than that of groups Ⅰ and Ⅲ (P<0.05),but had no significant difference compared w ith that of the control group (P>0.05). The ratio of feed to gain of group Ⅱ w as significantly low er than that of group Ⅲ (P<0.01),significantly lower than that in group Ⅰ (P<0.05),but had no significant difference compared w ith that of the control group (P> 0.05). No significant differences w ere found in average daily feed intake,body length,fresh fur length,guard hair length and under hair length among all groups (P>0.05). 2) The serum low density lipoprotein cholesterol content of group Ⅱ w as significantly low er than that of the control group (P<0.01),but had no significant difference compared w ith that of groups Ⅰ and Ⅲ (P > 0. 05). The serum glucose content of group Ⅱ w as significantly low er than that of the control group and group Ⅰ (P <0.05),but had no significant difference compared w ith that of group Ⅲ (P>0.05). No significant differences w ere found in the contents of triglyceride,cholesterol and high density lipoprotein cholesterol in serum among all groups (P> 0. 05). 3) No significant differences w ere found in the contents of total protein,albumin and globulin and albumin/globulin in serum among all groups (P > 0. 05). 4) The serum interleukin-2 content of group Ⅱ w as significantly higher than that of other 3 groups (P< 0.05 or P < 0.01),and there w as no difference among the other 3 groups (P > 0. 05). No significant differences w ere found in the contents of immunoglobulin A,immunoglobulin M,immunoglobulin G,complement 3,complement 4,tumor necrosis factor in serum among all groups (P>0.05). 5) The villous height of group Ⅱ w as significantly higher than that of the control group and groups Ⅰ and Ⅲ (P<0.01). The crypt depth of group Ⅱ w as significantly low er than that of the control group (P<0.01),and significantly low er than that of group Ⅲ (P< 0.05),but had no significant difference compared w ith that of group Ⅰ (P>0.05). The villous height/crypt depth of group Ⅱ w as significantly higher than that of the control group and group Ⅲ (P<0.01),but had no significant difference compared w ith that of group Ⅰ (P>0.05). In conclusion,diet added 200 mg/kg APS can reduce the contents of glucose and low density lipoprotein cholesterol in serum,enhance serum interleukin-2 content,and improve intestinal morphology,w hich is beneficial to increase the digestion and absorption capacity of intestinal tract,but do not improve the performance of silver foxes during the w inter fur-grow ing period.