体外产气法评价菊花粕、葡萄籽粕、杏鲍菇菌渣、豆腐渣的饲用价值

Evaluation of Feeding Value of Chrysanthemum Meal,Grape Seed Meal,Pleurotus eryngii Waste Sticks and Bean Curd Residue by Gas Production Technique in Vitro

本试验旨在利用体外产气法研究菊花粕、葡萄籽粕、杏鲍菇菌渣、豆腐渣4种非常规饲料对反刍动物的饲用价值。对菊花粕、葡萄籽粕、杏鲍菇菌渣、豆腐渣进行常规养分含量测定并计算分级指数(GI),开展体外产气试验,记录累积产气量,测定体外干物质和纤维降解率、挥发性脂肪酸组成,推算饲料代谢能。结果显示:1)豆腐渣、菊花粕、杏鲍菇菌渣和葡萄籽粕的GI分别为39.39、30.12、29.71和14.38 MJ。2) 4种饲料的体外干物质降解率由大到小依次为豆腐渣(83.36%)、菊花粕(59.17%)、杏鲍菇菌渣(37.50%)和葡萄籽粕(29.94%)。3)体外中性洗涤纤维降解率和体外酸性洗涤纤维降解率以豆腐渣最高,均大于89%;菊花粕其次,均在44%以上;葡萄籽粕和杏鲍菇菌渣较低,均小于25%。4) 4种饲料的代谢能由大到小依次为豆腐渣(8.28 MJ/kg)、菊花粕(6.49 MJ/kg)、杏鲍菇菌渣(4.25 MJ/kg)、葡萄籽粕(2.81 MJ/kg)。5)挥发性脂肪酸中乙酸/丙酸值以菊花粕最高(3.61),豆腐渣最低(1.91)。由此可见,豆腐渣可利用碳水化合物含量高,营养价值也高;菊花粕在提供能量方面更有优势;杏鲍菇菌渣适宜进一步发酵以提高饲用价值;葡萄籽粕纤维含量高但利用率低,在饲粮中添加比例不宜过大。

This experiment was conducted to evaluate the feeding value of four unconventional feeds including chrysanthemum meal,grape seed meal,Pleurotus eryngii waste sticks and bean curd residue by gas production technique in vitro. The conventional nutritional component contents the chrysanthemum meal,grape seed meal,Pleurotus eryngii waste sticks and bean curd residue were measured and the grading index (GI) was calculated first. Then,in vitro gas production experiment was carried out,measurement indicators including cumulative gas production,the dry matter and fiber in vitro degradation rates,volatile fatty acid composition,and metabolic energy was estimated based on in vitro gas production results. The results showed as follows: 1) the GI of bean curd residue,chrysanthemum meal,Pleurotus eryngii waste sticks and grape seed meal was 39. 39,30.12,29.71 and 14.38 M J,respectively. 2) The in vitro dry matter degradation rate was followed by bean curd residue (83.36%),chrysanthemum (59.17%),Pleurotus eryngii waste sticks (37.50%) and grape seed meal (29.94%). 3) The highest in vitro neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber degradation rates were all found in the bean curd residue which were more than 89%,closely followed by the chrysanthemum meal,which were more than 44%,and the grape seed meal and Pleurotus eryngii waste sticks were lower,both less than 25%. 4) M etabolic energy from big to small was bean curd residue (8.28 M J/kg),chrysanthemum meal (6.49 MJ/kg),Pleurotus eryngii waste sticks (4.25 MJ/kg) and grape seed meal (2.81 MJ/kg). 5) The highest ratio of acetic acid/propionic acid in volatile fatty acids was chrysanthemum meal,its value was 3.61 and the lowest was bean curd residue with the value of 1.91. It is concluded that bean curd residue can be used with high carbohydrate content and high nutritional value. Chrysanthemum meal is more advantageous in providing energy. Pleurotus eryngii waste sticks needs further fermentation to increase its feed value. Grape seed meal has high fiber content but lowutilization rate and is recommended to be used in small amounts in the diet.