碳原子价轨道电负性对化学键性能的影响

The Influence of the Electronegativity of Valence Orbital of Carbon Atom on the Chemical Bond Property

研究了同一类型化学键X―C的键能、键长和H―C键的酸性等性能与碳原子价轨道电负性的定量关系。结果表明,X―C键能随碳原子价轨道电负性增加而线性增大;H―C与C―C键的键长随碳原子价轨道电负性增加而线性减小;H―C的酸性随碳原子价轨道电负性增加而线性增大。因而,对结构类似的有机化合物,可以采用碳原子价轨道电负性对实验测定的化学键性能作图,判断其测定结果正确与否。

In this paper, the quantitative relationship between the bond energy, bond length, the acidity of the H―C bond and the electronegativity of valence orbital of carbon atom were studied. The research shows that the bond energies of X―C bonds increase linearly with the increase of the electronegativity of valence orbital of carbon atom; the bond lengths of H―C and C―C bonds decrease linearly with the increase of the electronegativity of valence orbital of carbon atom; the acidities of H―C bonds increase linearly with the increase of the electronegativity of valence orbital of carbon atom. Therefore, whether the experimental result of property of a chemical bond is correct or not can be judged by means of plotting the experimental result versus the electronegativity of valence orbital of carbon atom for these organic compounds with similar molecule structure.