物理化学理论体系中的几种基本研究方法

Several Basic Research Methods in Physical Chemistry Theory Systems

理想模型化法、标准状态法、可逆过程极值法和微元法是物理化学中具有典型学科特征的基本理论研究方法,在物理化学理论体系的形成和发展过程中相应形成并贯穿整个学科。本文从科学方法论的角度,归纳总结了四种理论研究方法的研究目的、处理方法及相应规定和结论,并对它们在物理化学理论体系中的具体应用通过实例予以分析和说明。同时阐述了如果掌握并深刻领会了这些科学研究方法,将有助于学习者构建物理化学宏观知识体系,培养逻辑思维能力,增强分析问题和解决问题能力。

Ideal model method, standard state method, reversible process & extremum method and infinitesimal method are basic theoretical research methods, which have been formed with the formation and development of physical chemistry theory systems and played important roles through the whole discipline. In this paper, from the methodological point of view, research purposes, solutions, rules and corresponding conclusions were discussed and summarized. The applications in physical chemistry were also presented. At the same time, it was also addressed that knowing and profound understanding these research methods were beneficial to learners. This will help them to build the physical chemistry knowledge system, to develop clear logical thinking and to solve practical problems. These are important abilities.