无人机涡动相关通量观测技术研究综述

Overview of the UAV—Based Eddy Covariance Fluxes Measurements Technique

机载涡动相关方法是进行区域尺度地表通量观测最有效的方式之一,其观测的空间尺度与陆面过程模式的网格尺度以及遥感影像的像元尺度一致,对区域及全球尺度地表通量模拟等研究具有重要意义。基于无人机的涡动相关方法能够实现对地表通量的多时段和多架次观测,成本低廉且观测结果可靠,是机载通量观测技术的一个重要发展方向。在介绍机载涡动相关方法主要技术特点的基础上,综述了现有无人机通量观测系统的研究进展,包括无人机特征及搭载的主要观测仪器类型,典型无人机通量观测系统的集成方式及其观测案例的讨论和分析。然后介绍了影响无人机通量观测的主要不确定性来源,最后对目前无人机通量观测系统的不足进行了总结,并对其发展前景进行了展望。

Airborne Eddy Covariance(EC)method is one of the most effective ways to measure the turbulent fluxes over regional scale directly.The turbulent fluxes from airborne EC method have the same spatial scale with the pixel scale of remote sensing image and the grid scale of land-surface models,which is very important for the simulation of regional or global land-surface fluxes.UAV-based eddy covariance method could achieve the observation of turbulent fluxes in a multi-period and multi-sorties way,and the observation result is reliable and the application is inexpensive.It is an important development direction for airborne flux observation technique.After the introduction of the main technical characteristics of the airborne EC method,this paper reviewed the worldwide progress in UAV-based fluxes measurements system from these aspects of the specifications of the UAVs,the integrated instruments,and the analysis of the application cases.Then,the main sources of uncertainty affecting the UAV-based fluxes measurements were discussed.At last,the shortcomings of the current UAV-based flux observation system were summarized.A brief outlook about UAV-based fluxes measurements technique was also given.