中国与全球资本:文化视野中的考量

China and Global Capital:The Cultural Dimension

传播与文化领域是检验当今全球权力关系的一个重要"视窗"。本文以此为切入点,考察中国与全球资本融合的轨迹及其政治经济与社会文化矛盾。首先,本文引入"非正式的美帝国"这一概念,强调当今全球资本主义秩序的建构与规制并非依赖一个正式的美帝国,而是通过把其他国家构建成"非正式的美帝国"内的重要成员国并动摇其统一而独立的中产阶级的形成来得以实现。在此基础上,本文简要检视了中国传播文化业及其话语体系在国家控制与全球资本主义文化软实力的夹缝中发展和变革的轨迹,并以电影业和期刊业为例,分析处于全球一体化进程中的跨国文化生产和消费模式与跨国阶级阶层关系和消费主义文化认同意识的构建过程。尔后,本文分析了在中国精英政治和下层民众社会抗争两个层面中阶级、政治意识形态、民族主义和文化认同政治之间既有联系又有区别的错综纠葛以及中国传播文化业在满足一个在结构上"断裂"和在权力上"失衡"的社会中各阶级阶层在文化传播上的需求方面面临的挑战。

This paper examines the nature of China's integration with global capitalism through its communication and cultural industries by drawing upon the concept of an'informal American em- pire.'It argues that the specific terms of this integration has meant that,a newly reconstituted power bloc,consisting of the globalizing bureaucrats of a transformed Party state,transnational capital,and a rising urban consumer strata,whose members are the favored customers of both domestic and transna- tional capital,is assuming control of the communicative processes in China.At the same time,this process has been highly contentious,and it continues to be mediated by the nationalistic and leftist i- deological legacies of the Chinese state and new forms of social conflict and cultural contestation.At the centre of this analysis are the role of an increasingly globlized communication system in the for- marion of transnational class and cultural identities and the tensions between the imperatives of cap- ital accumulation and the diverse communication needs of an increasingly stratified and conflict-1 a- den Chinese society.The concept of'cultural imperialism,'which has been at the centre of histori- cal debates on the role of culture in the process of global capitalist integration,is revisited in the Chi- nese context.