新闻媒体必须按新闻规律行事——对共和国新闻史上三个指导方针的反思

News media must act according to laws of news——Re-study on the three key matters of the news history of the the People's Republic of China in the sixty years

要对1949至2009"这60年"新闻事业发展状况进行一个真实描述,总结其中的经验和教训,撰写出一部"彰往而察来"的当代新闻史,必须对影响"这60年"新闻媒体发展的"学习苏联新闻工作经验"运动、毛泽东提出"政治家办报"和"新闻报道以正面宣传为主"方针的贯彻这样三个事件重新进行考察。50年代初期,"学习苏联新闻工作经验"实际上学习的是斯大林专制主义新闻理论与实践,其结果加速了中国新闻媒体"一样化",新闻舆论"一律化"进程;50年代后期,毛泽东出于"引蚂蚁出洞"的需要,提出"政治家办报",要求新闻工作者"紧跟"、"快转",其结果使新闻媒体完全失去独立思考,只充当"第一书记"的"简单传声筒";90年代初期,提出"新闻报道以正面宣传为主",其结果使新闻舆论监督难上加难,新闻媒体功能严重缺损。三个事件一个要害,就是使新闻媒体离开新闻规律,远离新闻专业精神。

In order to truly describe the development of journalism from 1949 to 2009,summarize the experience and lessons to write a contemporary journalism history for looking back upon the past and knowing the future,it is necessary to re-study the three matters on the development of the news history in the sixty years,diat is to say,campaign of learning journalism experience from the Soviet Union, running the newspaper by politicians,which put forward by Mao Zedong and carrying out the guidelines that news report should mainly focus on positive publicity.In the early 1950s',learning the journalism experience from the Soviet Union actually learned the Stalin' s autocratic press theory and practice,which speeded up the integration of the Chinese news media and the uniform procession of the news media;in the late 1950s',basing on the need of drawing ant out of the hole,Mao Zedong requested that the journalist should follow closely and change the direction quickly with the guidance of running the newspaper by politicians,which made the news media lose the independent thinking completely and only acts the simple megaphone of the first secretary.In the early 1990s', the principle that the newspaper should mainly focus on the positive publicity caused the news supervision of public opinion to be more difficult and damaged the functions of news media severely.The common key problem of three matters is that the action of news media deviated from the news law and the news professionalism.