当代保守主义与自由主义的主要分歧

Main Controversy between Contempor ary Conservatism and Liberalism

当代西方政治自由主义的主要论敌之一是保守主义,尽管有人也把自由至上论者划为保守派,但两者的区别还是相当明显的。施米特、斯特劳斯等保守主义者否认理性、人际平等、个人权利、民主和法治,认为这些都是虚幻的东西,强调传统价值观和全能的政府,否认政治分权和多元监督,因而与以个人权利为基石的自由主义必然发生重要的理论分歧。但保守主义的理论却很难站住脚,尤其是在当今普遍追求政治平等和张扬法律权利的时代。

Conservatism is one of the main rivals of contemporary political l ibera lism,although Li-betarianism has been taken as conservative by some scho lars,the distinction between the two is evident.Carl Schmitt,Leo Strauss and other c onservatists reject reason,equality between people,individual right s ,democracy and the rule of law,taking those as illusions,stress traditio nal values and all -powerful govern-ment,refuse division of political powers and pluralistic supervision,so they are inevitable to be in theore ti-cal conflict with liberalism based o n individual rights.But conservitist appealing doctrin e is self -defea ting,especially at the time when people are pursuing universa l political equality and enhancing their legal right s.