云南回族马帮的组织与分布

The Organization and Distribution of the Hui People's Trade Caravans in Yunnan

马帮是一个集货物运输与商业贸易为一体的商旅组织 ,肇始于古代云南边疆地区 ,流行于云南三迤各族群及毗邻的东南亚泰、缅、老、越各山地民族社会 ,以及中国西南的川、黔、桂、藏和印度、尼泊尔等的广阔区域里。云南有回、汉、白、彝、藏等 5个族群从事马帮营运活动 ,但以回族马帮规模最大、历史最久。本文依据田野调查资料 ,对云南回族马帮的组织结构、地区分布、通商道路、营运货物等 。

A trade caravan is a commercial and touring organization engaged in goods transportation and commercial trade. It appeared initially in the border areas of ancient Yunnan, and became popular among the ethnic groups in the middle, northwestern and southwestern parts of Yunnan, among some mountainous ethnic groups in Thailand, Myanmar, the Laos and Vietnam, and in the vast areas covering Sichuan, Guizhou, Guangxi and Tibet in Southwestern China as well as in India and Nepal. The ethnic groups engaged in the trade caravan business were five in number including the Hui, the Han, the Bai, the Yi and the Tibetans. However, the Hui caravans were the largest in organization and the longest in history. Based on the findings of the author's fieldwork, this paper discusses systematically the organizational structure, regional distribution, trading routes and merchandise transportation of the Hui caravans.