免疫预防知识对社区儿童家长的干预效果

Intervention Effect of Immune Prevention Knowledge on Parents of Community Children

目的探讨对社区儿童家长采用免疫预防知识干预的效果。方法将2014年4月至2017年4月在本县城关社区进行免疫预防接种的3200名儿童的家长随机分为两组,对照组采用常规健康教育,观察组采用免疫预防知识干预,比较家长的免疫规划预防知识知晓率、对免疫预防接种的态度。结果观察组办理接种证时间、按时接种针次、起始接种月龄、孩子接种后做法、各类疫苗防治的疾病、接种后可能出现的不良反应及处理、接种禁忌、相关传染病的传播途径等知晓率明显高于对照组(P<0.05);观察组愿意让孩子接种麻疹、乙脑、甲肝等第一类国家免费的11种疫苗、也愿意接种肺炎、乙肝、流感等第二类自费疫苗,对预防接种的满意度、对预防接种的信心、实际免疫接种率均明显高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论对社区儿童家长采用免疫规划预防知识干预效果显著,能有效普及儿童家长的相关免疫规划预防知识,提升预防接种的主动意识和执行力,提高社区整体免疫接种率,具有积极的临床意义。

Objective To explore the effect of immunization prevention knowledge intervention on parents of community children. Methods From April 2014 to April 2017,3200 parents of children were randomly divided into two groups. The control group received routine health education,the observation group received immunization prevention knowledge intervention,the knowing rate of parents' immunization planning prevention knowledge and attitude to immunization prevention vaccination were compared. Results In observation group,the knowing rates of the time of application of vaccination certificate,the time of injection,the age of initial vaccination,the hotes of children after vaccination,the vaccine against diseases,the possible adverse reaction and treatment,the taboos of vaccination and the transmission way of related infectious diseases were significantly higher than those in control group(P<0.05). In the observation group,the children were willing to be vaccinated with 11 free vaccines in the first category,including measles,encephalitis B and hepatitis A,and with the second selfpaying category,such as pneumonia,hepatitis B and influenza. The satisfaction with vaccination,confidence in vaccination and the actual immunization coverage rate were significantly higher than those of the control group(P<0.05). Conclusion The intervention effect of immunization planning prevention knowledge on parents of community children is remarkable,which can effectively popularize the relevant knowledge of immunization planning prevention of children parents,improve the initiative consciousness and executive ability of immunization,improve the overall immunization coverage rate of community,and has positive clinical significance.