数字三维技术联合纳米碳辅助导航在乳腺癌腔镜前哨淋巴结活检手术中的应用

Application of digital 3D technique combined with nanocarbon-aided navigation in endoscopic sentinel lymph node biopsy for breast cancer

目的探讨数字三维技术联合纳米碳辅助导航在乳腺癌腔镜前哨淋巴结活检手术的应用价值。方法入组2014年9月~2015年9月期间我科的39名Ⅰ、Ⅱ期女性乳腺癌患者,术前行CT淋巴造影,采集其数据并进行分割及三维重建,准确定位前哨淋巴结并进行腔镜前哨淋巴结活检及腋窝淋巴结清扫的可视化预演及临床手术,评价在数字三维技术指导下腔镜前哨淋巴结活检的准确性及应用价值。结果 39例患者腋窝三维模型符合患者实际解剖,清晰显示前哨淋巴结、腋窝淋巴结与腋静脉、胸大肌、胸小肌、背阔肌等的三维关系。数字三维技术联合纳米碳辅助导航腔镜前哨淋巴结活检的检出率为100%,总符合率为87.18%(34/39),灵敏度为91.67%(11/12),假阴性率为8.33%(1/12)。术后随访半年,39例患者均未发现患侧腋窝皮下积液、感染、疼痛、水肿等并发症。结论数字三维技术联合纳米碳辅助导航腔镜前哨淋巴结活检术具有较高的检出率、灵敏度和较低的假阴性率,可作为前哨淋巴结活检的一种新方法。

Objective To study the clinical value of digital 3D technique combined with nanocarbon-aided navigation in endoscopic sentinel lymph node biopsy for breast cancer. Methods Thirty-nine female patients with stage I/II breast cancer admitted in our hospital between September 2014 and September 2015 were recruited. CT lymphography data of the patients were segmented to reconstruct digital 3D models, which were imported into Free Form Modeling Surgical System Platform for visual simulation surgery before operation. Endoscopic sentinel lymph node biopsy and endoscopic axillary lymph node dissection were then carried out, and the accuracy and clinical value of digital 3D technique in endoscopic sentinel lymph node biopsy were analyzed. Results The 3D models faithfully represented the surgical anatomy of the patients and clearly displayed the 3D relationship among the sentinel lymph nodes, axillary lymph nodes, axillary vein, pectoralis major, pectoralis minor muscle and latissimus dorsi. In the biopsy, the detection rate of sentinel lymph nodes was 100% in the patients with a coincidence rate of 87.18%(34/39), a sensitivity of 91.67%(11/12), and a false negative rate of 8.33%(1/12). Complications such as limb pain, swelling, wound infection, and subcutaneouseroma were not found in these patients 6 months after the operation. Conclusion Endoscopic sentinel lymph node biopsy assisted by digital 3D technique and nanocarbon-aided navigation allows a high detection rate of sentinel lymph nodes with a high sensitivity and a low false negative rate and can serve as a new method for sentinel lymph node biopsy for breast cancer.