车轴倒棱成形工艺及型砧设计

Axle chamfer forming process and anvil design

在车轴的锻造生产过程中,型砧的几何尺寸和锻造工艺参数是影响车轴锻件表面质量和力学性能的主要因素。通过几何分析,研究了车轴倒棱时的圆形砧弧面半径与压下量的关系和车轴旋转锻造过程中的变形规律,发现不同的圆形砧弧面半径对应不同的最大倒棱压下量,为保证车轴旋转锻造过程中的尺寸精度,旋转角度、步进量和圆形砧工作带长度之间需满足一定的关系。将上述设计的约束应用于260 mm×260 mm方形坯料的锻造工艺参数设计,同时结合微观组织数值模拟,确定了圆形砧的几何尺寸和相应的车轴倒棱成形工艺参数,为实际生产提供了有力的指导。

In the forging production process of axle,the anvil geometry sizes and forging process parameters are the main factors affecting the surface quality and mechanical properties of axle forgings.Therefore,the relationship between the arc radius of circular anvil and the reduction in the axle chamfer forming process and the deformation rule in the rotary forging process of axle were studied by geometric analysis.The different circular anvil arc radius corresponds to the different maximum chamfer reduction,and some certain relationships of the rotation angle,the step amount and the length of the circular anvil work belt should be met in order to ensure the dimensional accuracy during the rotary forging process.Furthermore,the above design constraints were applying to the forging process parameter design of square blank of260 mm×260 mm,and the geometrical dimensions of circular anvil and the corresponding process parameters of axle chamfer forming are determined combining with the numerical simulation of microstructure which provides strong guidance for the actual production.