2E. D. Hirsch, Jr.,Cultural Literacy : What Every American Needs to Know. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1987;and Allan Bloom, The Closing of the American Mirid. New York: Simon & Schuste ,1987.
3Liu Kang, '+char(34)+'Hegemony and Cultural Revolution.'+char(34)+' New Literaty History, Vol. 27, No. 4(1996), pp.34-51.
4Liu Kang,Aesthetics and Marxism. Durham: Duke University Press,2000, Chapter 3, "Hegemony and Counterhegemony: National Form and Subjective Fighting Spirit".
5Xudong Zhang, "Postmodemism and Postsocialist Society-Historicizing the Present,"in Arif Dirtik and Xudong Zhang eds, Postmodemism and China. Durham: Duke University Press, 2000.
6Raymond Williams, Marxism and Literature. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1977,pp.132-133.
