开港前后台湾南北双核心区域型经济区的形成与发展(1851-1895)

The Formation and Development of the South and North Dual-Nucleus Economic Areas in Taiwan around the Port Opening(1851-1895)

咸丰十年(1860)台湾开港,以安平、打狗、基隆和淡水条约港为核心形成南北两个区域型经济区,其对外联结网络大不相同。此新变局对台湾各地域经济区的发展产生了重要影响,造成了经济区的重组。条约港市场圈内,国际商品交易密切,同时也各自直接对外贸易,形成一种地域间既从属又分立的双重结构。台湾港口城市出现条约港和传统港市两种类型,所形成的南北两个区域型经济区内又分立出数个独立的地区性经济区,其比重也有重大转变。1870年代后,北部港口贸易额赶超南部,逐渐成为全台贸易重心。与此同时,官方对外交通也发生同质变化,官方渡台正道由南部转移至北部,北部政治和经济地位已凌驾于南部之上。南北地域物产的生产专业化,促使岛内长距离航行和不同经济区间的往来较之前更频繁。洋行纷纷来条约港设立据点,引入资本、新的金融机制及技术。台湾对外贸易规模大增,贸易网络也大幅扩张,突破原来以福建为中心的大陆沿岸贸易圈,贸易范围扩大至全球,促成台湾经济近代化萌芽,还带动了后山解禁、台湾全岛版图的形成以及政治近代化。

In 1860, Taiwan was opened to be an international trading port, and being formally absorbed into the world economic system, then formed two regional economic zones, which taking the treaty ports, Anping, Dagou, and Danshui as southern and northern nucleus respectively, their outer linking net varied dramatically. The new changes generated great influences on all regions in Taiwan, and created the reformation of economic regions with more and more intimate international trade, then formed a dual structure that is not only affiliating but independent. Simultaneously, port cities in Taiwan found two types, treaty port cities and traditional port cites. In 1870,the north ports' trading values surpassed south ports, and became the trading and political center in whole Taiwan.The professionalization of Southern and Northern products promoted the long-distance voyage and trading communications in different regions become more frequent. In result, western banks set branches there, which provided abundant investment and brought financial system and techniques, trading scale increased greatly, trading net expanded drastically and broke through the Chinese coastal trading circle, which took Fujian as the center, and expanded into the whole word, and promoted modernization of Taiwan economy, also pulled the dissolution of Houshan's detains, the formation of dominions of whole Taiwan and political modernization.