再论尼雅绿洲的废弃

Further Discussion on the Abandonment of Niya Oasis

考古发现已经证实,尼雅绿洲是汉代西域三十六国之一——精绝国的故地。东汉末年之后,精绝国被鄯善国兼并,尼雅绿洲成为鄯善国治下的凯度多州,直到4世纪中叶被废弃。关于其废弃原因,学界主要有环境变化说、战争说、综合因素说三种推论。通过对史籍记载的梳理和尼雅遗址出土考古材料的分析认为,尼雅绿洲的废弃固然与当时的自然环境和社会环境变化有着密切关系,但是其之所以在4世纪中叶左右突然被废并非偶然,而是鄯善国刻意为之,背后与当时焉耆国大肆扩张兼并有着密切的关系。

Archaeological findings have confirmed that Niya Oasis was the former site of Jingjue,one of the thirty-six kingdoms in the western region of the Han Dynasty.After the end of the eastern Han Dynasty,the state of Jingjue was annexed by the state of Shanshan.As for the reasons of its abandonment,there are three kinds of reasoning in the academia:environmental change theory,war theory and comprehensive factor theory.Through the analysis of historical records and the analysis of archaeological materials unearthed at the Niya site,it is believed that the abandonment of the Niya Oasis is closely relatedto the changes of the natural environment and social environment at that time,but it was suddenly abandoned in the middle of the 4th century was not an accident,it was deliberated by the ShanShan country,and had a close relationship with the expanding the Yanqi country at that time.