基于海州露天矿排土场不同复垦模式下小气候效应研究

Microclimates of Junkyards with Different Reclamation Modes, a Case Study in the Haizhou Surface Mine

以海州露天矿排土场不同复垦模式(草地、农田、白榆林地、刺槐林地、白榆刺槐混交林地)为研究对象,以裸地为对照,采用定点观测的方法,对海州露天矿排土场不同复垦模式下的光照强度、大气温度、相对湿度、5 cm、10 cm处的土壤温度和0～10 cm、10～20 cm的土壤含水量等小气候因子进行连续观测,分析小气候因子的日变化、日较差和日均值。研究结果表明:不同复垦模式均有降温、增湿、保水、减小日较差和日均值的功能。不同复垦模式对小气候调节能力表现为白榆刺槐混交林地>白榆林地>刺槐林地>农田>草地>裸地。海州露天矿排土场随着植被的恢复,小气候和环境得到良好的改善。

This study monitored continuously at fixed points in junkyards of the Haizhou Surface Mine with different reclamation modes, including grassland, farmland, woodland of ulmus pumila, woodland of robinia pseudoacacia and mixture woodland of robinia pseudoacacia and ulmus pumila, collected microclimatic factors, such as light intensity, air temperature, air relative humidity, soil temperature at depths of 5 cm and 10 cm, and soil water contents in 0-10 cm and 10-20 cm layers, analyzed their daily variations, including daily ranges and daily averages, and compared them with those from the bare land. The results showed that all reclamation modes had functions of cooling temperatures, increasing humidity, retaining water and reducing daily ranges and daily averages. The abilities of different reclamation modes to regulate the microclimate showed a trend of mixture of robinia pseudoacacia and ulmus pumila > ulmus pumila > robinia pseudoacacia > farmland > grassland> bare land. In summary, the restoration of vegetation at the Haizhou Surface Mine can improve microclimate and other environment conditions remarkably.