便携式制动盘螺栓裂纹检测装置研制

Development of portable detection device for brake disc bolt crack

制动盘是高速列车制动系统的关键部件,其可靠性十分重要。制动盘螺栓作为其主要紧固件,对其裂纹进行检测对于保障列车运行安全具有重要意义。研发了一种基于超声波的便携式螺栓裂纹检测装置。该装置采用单晶斜探头,结合STM32、现场可编程门阵列(FPGA)硬件技术以及数据处理算法,实现了螺栓裂纹大小及位置的定量检测。为了改善接收的超声波信号质量,提高裂纹大小及位置信息判别精度,改进了超声波激励电路和信号调理电路,并设计小波去噪算法实现信号处理。大量实验表明,该装置能实现1.0 mm以上的螺栓裂纹的精确检测,位置判断准确,位置误差在2%以内。

As the key part of train braking system,the reliability of brake disc is very important. Bolts are the main fastener of the brake discs,so it is important to detect the bolt to ensure the safety of train operation. In this paper,a portable bolt crack detection device is developed based on ultrasonic wave. A single crystal oblique probe is used in the device,combined with STM32 and FPGA( field programmable gate array) hardware technology and data processing algorithm to realize the detection of crack size and position. In order to improve the received ultrasonic signal and get the accurate crack size and position information,the ultrasonic signal conditioning circuit is designed,and the wavelet denoising algorithm is employed for the signal processing. A large number of experiments carried out that the device can detect the crack within 1. 0 mm and give the accurate positon on the bolt. The position error is within 2%.