魏晋南北朝孝道的情感基础探究

On the Emotional Basis of Filial Piety in Wei-Jin and the Southern and Northern Dynasties

魏晋南北朝时期在玄学思潮的影响下,儒家以情入孝突破孝德名实分离的现实困境,通过内在情感的唤醒和外在社会法令的建立,孝成为这一时期社会核心的价值观念和道德规范。玄学自然之情的引入,使孝德趋向笃实的自然亲情;儒家爱敬之情的提出,使孝德成为主体的自觉追求,并通过外在法律法令的保障使孝泛化为具有普遍性的德性要求。这两种情感反映于居丧之礼上,表现为任情化礼和以情灭性两种极端化的主张,反映出名教与自然的冲突。

Under the influence of the metaphysics,Confucianism in Wei-Jin and the Southern and Northern Dynasties tried to solve the problem of the disaccord between the name and the fact in the practice of filial piety.The article focuses on the function and basis of emotion when filial piety becomes to be the core value and main moral rules of this period.Two different kinds of emotion were brought to demonstrate the necessity of filial piety,the natural intimate and the sentiment of love-respect.The former turned the virtue of filial piety into a simple family bond,which was affected by Taoism while the latter made the inherent consciousness of obey and support in the relationship of father and son a universal virtue with the help of external law.The two approaches of the emotion led to opposite attitude of ritual in father-loss,which reflected the conflict between nature and ritual.