儒家谏亲思想新探——从《论语》孝悌章岐解谈起

The New Idea on Confucian Pro Remonstrance Thought——Starting from the Ambiguity to Filial Piety Chapter in the “Analects of Confucius”

在研究儒家谏亲思想的一般文本中,《论语》孝悌章相对于《论语》事父母几谏章、《孝经·谏诤》与《荀子·子道》更关注到谏亲与犯上之间的紧张冲突。但是多数注家以"干犯"训犯,把孝道中的"以恭敬为孝"的一般原则绝对化,取消了谏亲的合理性,容易走向愚孝愚忠的绝对服从。皇侃、焦循以"犯颜而谏"训犯的岐解则有益于申明儒家的谏亲思想,恢复"以谏诤为孝"的特殊原则。相对于《礼记·檀弓》"事亲有隐而无犯"对建构谏亲思想的阻碍,孝悌章的"犯颜而谏"岐解则有助于建构"由谏亲而谏君"的理路,有助于实现孝道从孝养、孝敬到继志、立身的层次飞跃,有助于形成对孝道的限定性,进而消除人们以"犯上作乱"错误地理解谏亲谏君行为的倾向,推动儒家孝道的现代化。

The 'Analects of Confucius'filial piety chapter focuses on the tension and conflict between Pro remonstrance and offenses than others.The majority of scholars use 'committing'not criticism to commentate'fan',making respect absolutes,and thus cancelling the rationality of Pro remonstrance,which is easy to lead to filial loyalty.Huang Kan and Jiao Xun use criticism to commentate it,which is beneficial to restore the special principle to dissuasion for filial piety.Compared to the'Tan Gong'of Book of Rites,namely'serving parents have hidden and no crime'on the construction of Pro remonstrance thought,it's beneficial to the construction of advising monarch by Pro remonstrance.It contributes to the realization of filial piety from serving parents to the level of determination and becoming oneself in society.It also contributes to restricting filial piety,eliminating people error on the Pro remonstrance,as well as promoting the modernization of Confucian filial piety.