马克思的正义概念及其根本价值诉求

Marx's Concept of Justice and Its Fundamental Value

马克思持有一种作为价值总称或综合性价值的正义概念,自由、平等、人的尊严和社会公正等都是其构成要素。但马克思又对当下流行的正义话语进行了诸多批判,其主要针对:一是超历史的、与经验现实脱离的纯粹思辨的正义观,二是资产阶级所主张的、作为资本主义意识形态的权利正义观,因此我们并不能够由此得出马克思反对所有的正义观念或正义本身的结论。马克思实际上持有一种以人的解放与自由为根本价值诉求的正义观,在他看来正是资本主义私有制导致了物的统治和人的不自由,因此他又与西方自由主义的正义观主张有着根本的不同。

Marx holds a concept of justice as a general term of value. He views justice as a comprehensive value that contains many basic values,which are composed of elements of freedom,equality,human dignity and social equity. Marx's critiques of the discourse of justice,on the one hand,mainly focus on ultra-historical and purely speculative views of justice detached from the reality of experience. On the other hand,Marx focuses mainly on the concept of right and justice as the capitalist ideology advocated by the bourgeoisie. Those critiques can not be concluded that Marx rejects all the concepts of justice or of justice itself. Finally,Marx's concept of justice is based on the fundamental value appeal for the liberation and freedom of mankind. Hecriticizestheprivate ownership of capitalism for it leads to the non-freedom and the enslavementby materialism of humanity. Therefore,his concept of justice is essentially different from that of western liberalism.