马尔库塞爱欲解放思想的四重维度

On the Four Dimensions of Marcuse's Emancipation of Eros

马尔库塞的"爱欲"概念是一个融弗洛伊德的"力比多"、马克思的"自由自觉的劳动"和席勒的表现美学为一体的复杂性综合体。除了表层的心理学维度,"爱欲"还具有政治批判维度、美学救赎维度和本体论超越维度。爱欲解放思想是在发达工业时代由于操控原则所导致的全面异化背景下,马尔库塞为走出人的"压抑性生存",寻求非压抑性文明的有益尝试。但在发达工业社会中不可遏制的庸俗化趋势下,马尔库塞的爱欲解放最终难免流于乌托邦,只能成为坚持文化超越维度的少数人的美学救赎,因而在本质上不过是费尔巴哈的爱人本学在发达工业社会的再现。

Marcuse's concept of "Eros"is a complicated complex integrating from Freud's"libido",Marx's "free-conscious labor"and Schiller's performance aesthetics.In addition to the superficial psychological dimension, "Eros"also has dimensions of political criticism,aesthetic redemption and ontological transcendence.Under the background of the overall alienation caused by the principle of manipulation in the advanced industrial era,Marcuse sought the beneficial exploration of non-repressive civilization in order to get out of human's"repressive existence".However,under the tendency of vulgarization that cannot be prevented in advanced industrial society,Marcuse's emancipation Liberation ultimately turns into utopian and can only become the aesthetic redemption of the minority who uphold the dimension of cultural transcendence.In essence,it is only the reappearance of Feuerbach's humanistic love in the developed industrial society.