迈农价值理论的方法及其修正

The Method of Meinong's Value Theory and Its Modifications

作为十九世纪奥地利哲学家、心理学家和伦理学家,亚历克修斯·迈农(A.Meinong,1853—1920)以其"对象理论"闻名于世。迈农在布伦塔诺描述心理学的基础上借鉴英国经验主义思想,继承并修正了布伦塔诺的哲学心理学,通过回归价值感受,为价值论奠定了新基础,同时也为本体论、知识论和价值哲学的发展找到了新方向。纵观迈农思想的发展,他早期的价值理论以价值主观主义为核心,后来转变为价值客观主义,即价值只有通过价值经验才能与主体产生联系,价值经验并非对事物简单的情绪反应,而是包含着综合的价值判断。

As an Austrian philosopher,psychologist and ethicist in the 19th century,Alexius Meinong(1853—1920)was renowned for the so called "theory of objects".In this theory,Meinong draws on British empiricists on the basis of Franz Brentano's descriptive psychology.In addition,Meinong further develops and modifies Brentano's philosophical psychology.By going back to value-feelings(emotions),Meinong has not only laid a new foundation for the theory of value,but also found new directions of development for ontology,epistemology and philosophy of value.Throughout the development of Meinong's thoughts,the focus of his early value theory is value subjectivism,and it later turns into value objectivism,which means that values,rather,are only made accessible to the subject by value experiences,and value experiences are not simply understood as emotional responses to presented objects but contains a comprehensive value judgments.