正义的他者:哈贝马斯与后现代的伦理挑战

The Other of Justice:Habermas and Post-Modern Ethical Challenge

当前,后现代哲学已经转向了伦理与正义问题。这一方面的代表人物包括利奥塔、怀特、列维纳斯和德里达。在正义问题上,利奥塔主张的是激进化了的平等对待理念,怀特要求抑制人的活动并相应地提升对他者的注意力,德里达则是基于列维纳斯的理念强调对具体的他者的伦理责任。前两种路向的理论关切在哈贝马斯的商谈伦理学框架中能够得到更为恰当的支持,而只有第三种即列维纳斯和德里达的路向,是不能被商谈伦理学兼容的,因而构成了对哈贝马斯正义观念的批判。

At present,post-modern philosophy has turned to ethics and justice.Representatives in this area include Jean-FrancoisLyotard,Stephen K.White,Emmanuel Levinas and Jacques Derrida.On the issue of justice,Lyotard advocates the radicalized concept of equal treatment,White demands to restrain human activities and raise their attention to others accordingly,and Derrida emphasizes,based on Levinas,the ethical responsibility for the specific other.The theoretical concerns of the first two directions can be more properly supported in Habermas's framework of discoursive ethics,whereas the third,namely Levinas and Derrida's direction,cannot be compatible with discoursive ethics.Therefore,it constitutes a critique of Habermas's conception of justice.