赫尔曼·洛采对通过康德建立起来的现代哲学史的立场

Hermann Lotz's Position on the History of Modern Philosophy Established by Kant

赫尔曼·洛采被视为现代西方价值哲学的创始人,它曾受到康德、黑格尔、赫尔巴特和很多自然科学家的影响。本文主要侧重于梳理洛采对黑格尔的辩证法、赫尔巴特的哲学、康德和新康德主义哲学的态度和立场,同时阐释洛采既指出上述哲学家们形而上学的局限或不足,又能兼容众家之长地提出自己的形而上学体系,即在何种意义上超越了上述哲学家的形而上学,从而探寻出一个能超越当时的观念论以及赫尔巴特实在论的片面性的思想体系的综合。洛采在自己的形而上学理论中接受赫尔巴特对经验概念的处理与净化,但并不同意他的批判性的实在论立场,而是首先研究有关价值、意义和对存在的无矛盾的理解的问题。最终,洛采认为,形而上学会在伦理学中被扬弃,因为最终的世界本体是伦理性的与位格性的自为存在,即一种泛灵论或泛人格论。

Hermann Lotz,without any doubt,can be seen the main initiator of Modern western value philosophy. He was strongly influenced by Kant, Hegel, Herbart and many natural scientists.This article focuses on finding out his critique and views on the dialectics of Hegel,on the critical realism of Herbart and on the philosophy of Kant and Neo-Kantianism.It will point out that Lotz can both demonstrate their limits or mistakes of the above mentioned philosophers and integrate them into the blueprint of his own metaphysical system,i.e.in what sense he transcended them in terms of metaphysics and also searched for a synthesis of idealism of that time and critical realism of Herbart.Lotz accepted the method of handling and purifying the idea of experience of Herbart in his metaphysics,but not agreed with the position of critical realism of Herbart.To the contrary,he began with investigating the problem of values,meaning and the uncontradicted understanding of the being.At the end,Lotz believed,aligned with Kant’s moral philosophy,that the metaphysics is to be suspended in the ethics,because the real substance is ethical and personal being-for-itself,namely a kind of panpsyche and all-personality.