当代康德道德哲学研究中的“规范性问题”

The “Normative Problem” in Contemporary Study of Kant's Moral Philosophy

规范性问题是近几十年伦理学研究的核心问题之一。当代康德学者通过探讨理性一致性或非理性不一致性回答规范性问题,这类解释属于实践理性基础主义。实践理性基础主义不能为"规范性问题"提供答案,人们行道德之事的原因与论证的有效性无关,对"规范性问题"的回答应始终以尊重人性为基础,认识到自身的价值。康德道德哲学的意义在于提供一种观察道德生活的方式,这样的生活具有内在价值。因此,康德对"规范性问题"的最可能回答是:人认识到道德法则并让它为自己发声。行动者通过反思自己与他人的道德关系意识到人格的尊严、自律的道德法则和对于他人的责任。

The normative problem is one of the core research issues of ethics in recent decades.Contemporary Kant scholars answer normative questions by discussing rational consistency or irrational inconsistency.This article classifies this kind of interpretation as practical rational foundationalism.I believe that practical rational foundationalism cannot provide an answer to the 'normative problem.' Kant’s answer to the normative question may not be the case.The answer to the 'normative question' should be based on respecting human nature and recognizing its own value,which should be brought to the attention of contemporary Kantian scholars.The significance of Kant’s moral philosophy lies in providing a way of observing the moral life,which has intrinsic value.Therefore,Kant’s most likely answer to the'normative question'is that man recognizes the moral law and allows it to speak for himself.The actor realizes the dignity of personality,the moral law of self-discipline and the responsibility to others by reflecting on the moral relation between himself and others.