历史唯物主义视野中的正义——艾伦·伍德对马克思批判正义的阐释

Justice from the Perspective of Historical Materialism——Allen W.Wood's Interpretation of Marx's Critique of Justice

伍德认为,马克思没有基于正义批判资本主义,依据历史唯物主义,甚至可以归给马克思一种可还原为对生产方式的作用的正义观,且马克思对资本主义剥削的谴责也并非基于正义,而在于揭露资本主义生产方式的内在缺陷,马克思著作中弥漫的道德愤慨针对的是资本主义破坏了自我实现、安全、身体健康、舒适、共同体、自由这些非道德善。伍德的阐释揭露了正义在历史唯物主义中的限度,张扬了马克思对资本主义批判的激进之处在于废除资本主义生产方式,但伍德将"道德善"和"非道德善"的区分归给马克思的这种做法缺乏根据。

Allen W.Wood thinks that Marx dose not criticize capitalism on the base of justice.According to the materialist conception of history,Wood interprets Marx as holding the idea that the justice of an action,transaction or system of distribution consists in its bearing a certain relation of production within which it takes place.It is a deliberately reductive conception of justice.Wood also thinks Marx dose not criticize capitalist exploitation on the base of some conception of justice.Marx’s critique of capitalism is not condemning its injustice but revealing the inner defects of capitalist mode of production.On the perspective of Wood,Marx bases his critique of capitalism on the claim that it frustrates many important nonmoral goods,namely self-actualization,security,physical health,comfort,community,freedom.Wood’s interpretation reveals the limits of justice within materialist conception of history,and publicizes that the depth of Marxian critique of capitalism lies in abolishment of capitalist mode of production.However,Wood’s distinction between‘moral goods’ with‘immoral goods’ is ill-founded.