舍勒价值现象学再思考

Reconsideration of Scheler's Phenomenology of Value

舍勒价值现象学中的现象学方法、人类学视角、价值观认知的情感因素分析,对我们的价值和价值观研究具有重要的启发意义。同时,我们必须明晰舍勒价值论的理论不足和缺陷。首先,先天论作为价值论的前提谬误。先天论缺乏坚实的实践基础,遗忘了其背后的社会历史因素。因此,必须把现象学的描述置于人的现实存在及其历史发展当中。其次,先天价值及其等级秩序的有效性成谜。建立在情感先天和直观基础上的价值感受,带有极大的抽象性、偶然性,不能更好地解释如何把握和认识价值的复杂情况。因此,价值观认知必须是"现实的个人"的实践活动的组成部分。

Scheler’s value phenomenology has important enlightening significance for us to research value, which includes phenomenological methods,anthropological perspectives and emotional factors of value cognition.Meanwhile,it must be clarified that there are theoretical deficiencies and inadequacies in Scheler’s theory of value.First of all,the presupposition of apriorism is a fallacy.The apriorism shows a kind of deficiency in the foundation of practice by forgetting the social and historical factors behind it.Therefore,the description of phenomenology must be placed in the existence of human reality and its historical development.Meanwhile,the validity of apriori value and their hierarchical order is a mystery.The value perception based on emotive apriorism has great abstraction and occasionality,which is difficult to explain the complexity of grasping and recognizing values.Thus,value cognition must be an integral part of the practical activities of 'realistic individual'.