劳动构建现代社会普遍性的二重维度

The Double Effect of Labor in Constructing the Universality of Modern Society

劳动作为劳动一般,是人对自然的物质变换过程。但与此同时,劳动还积极地构建着人们的社会关系。从劳动哲学的意义上来看,劳动从两个维度构建现代社会关系的普遍性。首先,异化劳动现象让劳动者成为一个普遍的阶级,从而促使劳动向普遍性的提升,由此产生了劳动神圣或劳动正义的话语;其次,交往异化构筑起了现代市场经济的普遍性,从而促生了勤劳美德的劳动话语。这二重话语的分裂体现了现代性的弊端,要超越这种分裂,就需要一种扬弃两者的新劳动话语,而正是工匠精神,孕育着这种新的劳动话语。

Generally,labor is the material metabolism between human beings and the nature.Meanwhile,it also constructs the social relations of human beings actively.According to labor philosophy,labor has double effect in constructing the universal social relationship in modern society.Firstly,alienated labor turns workers into a universal class which lose their products;thereby the discourse that labor is sacred comes into being.Secondly,alienation of social intercourse constructs the relationship of modern market economy,in which the discourse that diligence is virtue comes into being.In order to surpass the division of double discourses,we need the third discourse of labor,i.e.the spirit of craftsman.