“不完善”的“至善”——意大利文艺复兴时期的另一种“至善观”

“Incompleteness” of “Perfectness” ——Another “Perfectness” of the Italian Renaissance

文艺复兴时期,本体论以及道德领域同时将'不完善'作为'完善性'的重要标志,并且以virtú(道德力)概念取代了原初德性论的抽象评价,开始重视力量与能力变量在个体实际道德评价中的重要参考价值。文艺复兴是人类历史上第一个'坏世界',这个世界在多元道德评价结构的影响下,引发了个体间的无尽暴力与社会的混乱,却也同时无限尊重个体的实际自由与欲望满足。文艺复兴社会在带来欧洲历史前后断裂的同时,也造成了道德世界的绝对裂痕,这一由'创伤'引发的动力机制直接让欧洲社会急速跨入近代文明。

In the field of ontology and morality,the Renaissance regards'incompleteness'as an important symbol of'perfectness'.At the same time,the concept of virtú,which replaces the abstract evaluation of the original virtue,turns to pay more attention to strength and ability that have important reference value in individual practical moral evaluation.The Renaissance is the first'bad world'in the history of mankind.Under the influence of multivariate moral evaluations,the world is full of the endless violence between individuals and completely chaotic,but infinitely respects the individual’s actual freedom and desire.The Renaissance society also causes the absolute rift of the moral world while bringing about the breakage of European history.This dynamic mechanism triggered by'trauma'directly causes European society to rapidly enter modern civilization.