硬粒小麦—簇毛麦双二倍体乙醇脱氢酶和酯酶同工酶谱的研究

Genetic Studies on the ADH and Esterase Isozymes in T.durum,H.villosa and It Synthetic Amphidiploids

对硬—簇双二倍体 TH_1,TH_1W(81086A/簇毛麦),TH_2W(D311/簇毛麦),TH_3,TH_3W(墨75/簇毛麦)及它们的双亲硬粒小麦 D311,重建 AABB 四倍体81086A,墨75和簇毛麦(H.villosa)成熟种子乙醇脱氢酶(ADH)和酯酶(Esterase)的测试结果表明,硬粒小麦 D311和重建 AABB 四倍体都表现三条 ADH 同功酶带,即 ADH-1(αα),ADH-2(2αβ)和ADH-3(ββ).簇毛麦只有一条酶带 ADH-5(vv).。硬—簇双二倍体都显现5条同功酶带ADH-1(αα),ADH-2(2αβ),ADH-3(ββ+2αv),ADH-4(2βv)和 ADH-5(vv)为此,ADH 酶可作为鉴别真假硬—簇双二倍体的生化标志,但不能用来区分硬粒小麦和重建 AABB四倍体。在等电点(pI)pH 7.2—6.2的活性区内的酯酶谱带色深且宽,至少有21条,酶带1,2,3,4(来源于普通小麦)可作为区别 D311和重建 AABB 四倍体的生化标志。硬一簇双二倍体的 EST 酶带来源于双亲,无杂种特异带。酶带14a(来源于簇毛麦)的有、无与双二倍体颖壳蜡粉无、有的特征相一致。根据 C.C.Ainsworth(1984)对六倍体小麦籽粒酯酶结构基因的研究,比较分析普通小麦,硬粒小麦和重组 AABB 四倍体的酶带,发现小麦由四倍体种向六倍体种进化的漫长历程中,第3部分同源染色体组发生过酯酶结构基因的交换。

The alcohol dehydrogenase(ADH)and esterase(EST)zymograms of seed sam-ples of Chinese Spring,T.durum D311,two strains of reconstituted AABB tetraploids,H.villosa and five strains of synthetic AABBVV amphidiploids were determined by TitanⅢ cellulose acetate and IEF electrophoresis.Chinese Spring,D311 and reconstituted AABB tetraploids showed the same ADHzymogram with some difference in the relative activity of the bands.Three bands of fast,slow and intermediate moblity were identified as ADH-1,ADH-3 and ADH-2,respectively.H.villosa,however,showed only are slower moving band designated asADH-5.All of the amphidiploids showed five bands,namely ADH-1,ADH-2,ADH-3,ADH-4 and ADH-5,with ADH-4 located between ADH-3 andADH-5.Esterase zymograms of the seed samples comprised of at least 21 bands in the regionwith isoelectric points (PI) between pH6.2 and 7.2.Since 81086A and Mexicali 75 arederivatives from T.durum and T.aestivum,both of them showed bands 1—4 that wereabsent in D311 and H.villosa.The amphidiploids showed five different zymograms com-prised of bands of their parents,withou any characteristic.Band of their own.Band14a was showed in H.villosa,TH1 and TH3,all having no wax on the glume.