国内外固井技术现状及发展趋势

Present state and developing trend of cementing technology at home and abroad

阐述了国内外近几年来在油井水泥外加剂、固井工艺技术、固井工具及附件、固井设计模拟与分析软件、水泥浆顶替技术、注水泥设备等方面的新进展,主要是油井基本水泥由一两种发展到13种;注水泥设备普遍采用计算机控制技术对配浆过程进行连续监控,注水泥设备向操作自动化、密度控制精确化、大能量和大功率方向发展;复杂地层固井技术日趋完善,开发了适应高压气井、塑性地层、低压易漏失井、多压力系统以及深井超深井高温固井配套技术;固井计算机模拟、仿真与监控技术,极大地提高了固井方案设计、现场施王的准确性、针对性和科学性;小井眼固井、水平井固井、分枝井固井和大位移固井等特殊工艺井固井技术;研制了尾管悬挂器、双级(多级)注水泥器、扶正器。通过分析中国固井技术现状及与国外的差距,提出了中国今后要重点加强抗高温、抗盐系列外加剂的研究与开发,不断拓宽油井水泥外加剂的适用范围,进一步加大油井水泥外加剂的现场使用力度。

New development on such aspects as oil well cement additive, cementing technique, cementing tool and accessary, cementing design simulating and analyzing software, cement slurry displacement technology, and cementing equipment, etc. , are reviewed. Such aspects are focused on, e. g. , development of basic oil well cement form 1 or 2 types to 13 types; computer controlling of cementing equipment, to continuously monitor the slurry batching process, and cementing equipment features on operation automation, precise density controlling, large energy and power; cementing technology of complicated formation becomes more perfect, cementing technologies for high-pressured gas wells, plastic formation, low-pressured lost circulation zones, multi-pressure system and HTHP cementing in deep or super deep wells are developed; cementing computer simulating and monitoring technology, which remarkably improves the accuracy and fitness for cementing design and field operation; cementing technologies for wells of unique techniques such as slim hole, horizontal well, multi-lateral well and large extended reach well, etc; liner hanger, double stage (multiple stage) cementer and centralizer are developed. By analyzing the present state of cementing technology in China and its gap with international standard, it is proposed that R & D should be focused on high temperature and salt tolerant additives, widening the application of oil well cement additives and enhancing the field using.