松嫩平原西部盐碱地特点及合理利用研究

A Research on Characteristics and Rational Exploitation of Soda Saline Land in the Western Songnen Plain

松嫩平原西部有盐碱化土地面积 373万 hm2 ,是世界三大片苏打盐碱地集中分布区之一 ,由于区域内独特的地貌条件、成土母质组成、气候条件、地下水水位及其含盐量等因素作用 ,尤其是近几十年人为因素的干扰 ,盐碱地面积增加 ,盐碱化程度加剧 ,重度盐碱化土地面积以每年 1.4 %的速度扩展 ,生态环境恶化 ,成为制约区域农业发展的重要因素。针对盐碱化旱田、盐碱化草地和盐碱化湿地的特点 ,提出采用低洼盐碱地种稻模式 ,盐碱湿地育苇—养鱼模式 ,盐碱湖泡养鱼 ,盐碱化旱田改土培肥、种植耐盐碱作物或牧草、微咸水淋洗和物理化学改良 ,盐碱化草地恢复等多种措施 ,遏制盐碱化的发展 ,改善生态环境 ,实现经济、生态和社会效益的协调发展。

The total area of soda saline land reaches 3 730 000hm 2 in the western Songnen Plain that is one of the three largest soda saline regions in the world.Such factors as special geomorphologic conditions,constitution of primitive soil,climate,groundwater level and its salt content,particularly human activities in recently years,contribute to the increase in soda saline area.As the salinized degree rises,heavy soda saling area increases 1.4% per year and ecological environment in the western district worsens,which restricts agricultural development of the district.In accordance with the characteristics of soda saline dry farmland,meadow and wetland,we can adopt the following five models,such as the model of planting rice in soda saline lowlying land,the model of reedgrowing and fishfarming in soda saline marsh,the model of fishfarming in the saling lake and pond,the model of comprehensive improving and fertilizing soil,which includes cultivating sodaenduring crop and herbage,applying light salt water to drip soil,employing physical and chemical method to improve soil in soda saline dry farmland,and the model of restoring soda saline meadow.Therefore the increase of soda saline land will be limited,and ecological environment will be improved.Economic,ecological and social benefits of regional development will be well coordinated.