试论明代民间美术教育的基本特征

A Study on Basic Features of Folk Art Education in Ming Dynasty

明代由于宦官当权,故而政治动荡,导致官方美术教育机制散无定制。以铺户作坊为主要形式的家庭小手工业,仍然固守师徒、父子传授的传承方式,分工更为细致;而绘画宗派意识愈加明显,带有明显的地域性师承关系。伴随印刷术兴盛而形成的画谱教育,尤具特色,极大的促进了美术教育普及的范围。

Because of eunuch power,the Ming Dynasty’s politics is instable,resulting in scattered official art education system without customization.As its main form,workshop,family small handicraft keeps the inheritance manner of Mentor,father and son,and its division of labor is much more detailed.At the same time,painting sectarianism is even more obvious,with significant regional discourses.With the flourishing of printing,Picture collection of education was formed and had its special characteristics,and all of them had extremely widened the range of art education.