近十年来流动测量技术的新发展

NEW DEVELOPMENT IN THE TECHNOLOGY OF FLOW MEASUREMENT OVER THE LAST DECADE

流动是一种跨行业、跨部门、跨学科的现象.现代空气动力学、流体力学、热力学、水力学以及航空航天工程、水利水电工程、热能工程、流体机械工程都提出了一系列复杂流动问题,其中包括高速流、低速流、管道流、燃烧流、冲击流、振荡流、涡流、湍流、旋转流、多相流等等.这些流动都需要人们提供新的测量方法和新的量测仪器,使之能够适应单点向多点、平面向空间、稳态向瞬态、单相向多相方向发展.这就促使人们不断利用新技术,发展新原理,采用新结构和新工艺,以改善仪器性能,增强讯号处理能力,提高仪器的测量精度,同时简化操作技术,使之便于推广应用.近10年来,伴随着光纤技术、芯片技术、激光技术、数字信号处理技术,图形、图像处理技术以及计算机技术的日益成熟和完善,流速测量技术也随之得到了新的发展.木文就这些发展作一扼要介绍.

Flow is a phenomenon common to various industries, subjects, and departments. A series of complicated flow problems have been posed in modern fluid mechanics, aerodynamics, thermody-namics, and aeronautical and aerospace engineering, water conservancy and hydropower engineering, heat energy engineering, fluid machinery engineering, and so on, and they cover high-speed flow, low-speed flow, eddy flow, turbulent flow, burning flow, impact flow, oscillating flow, backflow, and two-phase flow, etc. New measurement methods and new measurement instruments are required for all the above flows, so as to make measurements from single point to multi points, from 2 dimensional to 3 dimensional, from steady state to instantaneous state, and from single phase to multi phases. Therefore, people have to keep utilizing new technologies, developing new principles, and applying new structures and new processes, so as to better the performances of instruments, the processing capability of signals, the measurement accuracy of instruments, and to simplify the operating tech-niques. Over the last decade, together with the gradual maturation and improvement of optical fiber technology, chip technology, laser technology, digital signal processing technology, image and graphic processing technology, and computer technology etc., the flow measurement technology has been improved accordingly. In this article, a brief introduction shall be made about these developments.