丝裂原活化蛋白激酶(MAPK)信号通路的研究进展

Mitogen activated Protein Kinase (MAPK) Signaling Pathways: State of the art

丝裂原活化蛋白激酶 (MAPK)信号通路是广泛存在于各种细胞中的一条信号转导途径 ,由一组级联活化的丝 苏氨酸蛋白激酶组成 ,对于细胞周期的运行和基因表达具有重要调控作用。MAPK包括多个成员 ,活化后向核内迁移 ,磷酸化包括转录因子在内的核蛋白和膜受体 ,实现对基因转录和其他事件的调节。MAPK激酶 (MAPKK)是MAPK的上游激活分子 ,催化MAPK的Tyr和Thr残基双特异性磷酸化。Mos是脊椎动物生殖细胞中特有的MAPKKK ,通过MAPKK MAPK途径活化成熟促进因子 ,启动卵母细胞成熟发育并维持中期阻滞。MAPK的下游分子包括MAPK活化的蛋白激酶 (MAPKAPK)、核转录因子、热休克蛋白和细胞质磷脂酶A2 等 。

Mitogen activated protein kinase signaling systems are common in various cells. They are composed of a group of Ser/Thr protein kinases that activate as a cascade. MAPK is a family of such systems that includes at least 20 members. They are transformed into the nucleus and plasma membrane after activation, phosphorylating their targets such as transcription factors and cell surface receptors, so as to regulate gene transcription and other events. MAPK kinase is the upstream regulator of MAPK, which phosphorylates the Tyr and Thr residues of MAPK. Mos is a MAPK kinase that exists specifically in the germinal cells of vertebrates. Mos initiates oocyte maturation and sustains MⅡ arrest. The downstream molecules of MAPK include MAPK activated protein kinases, transcription factors, hot shock proteins and cytoplasmic phospholipase A 2. They mediate the regulatory effects of MAPK on the physiological activities of cells.