温度对蜘蛛繁殖力和实验种群的影响

Effects of Temperature on Fecundity and the Experimental Population of Spiders

从我国常见 1 0科 1 8种蜘蛛的温度实验数据中 ,找出温度对蜘蛛繁殖和实验种群增长影响的一般规律和不同种类蜘蛛繁殖的最佳温度。根据实验可以看出 :大多数蜘蛛在 1～ 3 5℃温区内均可产卵和孵化 ;由于蜘蛛种类不同 ,雌蛛产卵袋数最多、卵袋内含卵量最高、产卵间隔时间最短、产卵率最高、单雌产卵量最多、孵化率最高和种群增长指数最大的最适温度也表现出差异 ;大多数种类雌蛛产卵袋数最多的温区是 2 5～ 3 2℃ ;产卵间隔最短的温区是 3 0～ 3 7℃ ;产卵率最高的温区是 2 5～ 3 2℃ ;孵化率最高的温区在 2 5℃左右 ;种群数量增长最多的温区是 2 5～ 2 9℃。温度与蜘蛛繁殖力的关系可以用曲线方程和数学模型表示。

The following results can be concluded through the effects of temperature on fecundity and experiment population from spiders including Pardosa astrigera, P pseudannulat, Pirata tenuisetaceus, P. piraticus, Hylyphantes graminicoa, Erigonidium(?)naniwaende, Erigone prominens, Gnathonarium gibberum, Oedothorax insecticeps, Nurscia albofsciata, Clubiona reichini, Neoscona holmi and Ornithoctonus huwena. (1) The effects of temperature are remarkable on egg\|sac number, the egg number per female laying, the hatching rate and the population growth index. (2) Relationship between temperature and spider fecundity can be described with mathematical equations or models. For example, the egg\|laying interval of female Dictyna uncimata ranges from 15～35℃, shortened with the increase of the temperature. Its shortest interval in theory is 1d and the described equation is y =0 8189+43 8646/ x , r =0 998, p <0 01. The egg laying number of female Misumenops tricuspidatas increases with the rise of temperature within 15～28℃. The mathematical model based on the relevant data is H =-200 0785+ 22 2346 T - 0 4304 T 2. (3) The optimum temperature for the maximum egg sac number varies with different species,and so does it for the most egg number in sac, the shortest interval of sac\|laying, the highest egg laying rata, the maximum egg number per female laying, the highest hatching rate and the maximum population growth index of spiders. (4) Most spiders can hatch under the temperature range from 15 ℃ to 35℃, and Erigonidium(?)naniwaense and Hylyphantes graminicola can even oviposit even under 8℃. Almost all of them cannot lay egg at the permanent temperature of 37℃. (5)The temperature range for maximum egg sac number laid by female is from 25～30℃, and it reduces dramatically above 32℃. The optimum temperature for some spiders is relatively limited while some others are relatively wide. (6) The temperature of the most eggs number is 25～32℃,but there are differences between different species of spiders. It is 25℃ for Erigonidium(?)naniwaende and Clubiona reichini , 26℃ for Neoscona holmi, 30℃ for Pirata tenuisetaceus and P. piraticus ,32℃ for Pardosa astrigera and P. pseudannula . (7)The shortest temperature interval for egg laying of female is from 30～37℃ and most of them are 35℃. (8)The temperature range of having the highest egg laying rate is from 25～30℃, and it differs with different species. Some spiders have narrow ranges of optimum temperature, such as Pirata tenuisetaceus, P. piraticus, while more spiders have wider ranges of optimum temperature. (9) The temperature range of having the maximum egg number laid by females is from 25℃to 30℃.The egg number reduces dramatically below 20℃ or above 32℃.The optimum temperature for egg hatching rate is about 25℃ and the optimum temperature of egg hatching varies with the species of spiders. (10) The temperature for having the fastest population growth ranges from 25～29℃ and the growth reduces dramatically below 25℃or above 30℃.