论党项宗族

On the Patriarchal Clans among the Dangxiang People

宗族存在于整个党项社会与西夏政权的全过程 ,它以血缘关系为纽带 ,派生出许多支系 ,一个强宗大族往往包括若干个乃至数十个中小家族。大大小小的宗族首先是一个军事实体 ,越是强宗大族 ,拥有和控制的武装力量也就越强越大。同时 ,宗族还是一个经济实体 ,在这个经济实体内 ,既有农奴劳动 ,又有奴隶劳动 。

Patriarchal clans had been existing in the entire course of the Dangxiang society and the Xi-xia regime. The patriarchal clan took ties of blood as links and derived a lot of branches. A powerful patriarchal clan was usually composed of several little or middle-scale families, or even tens of families. These smaller or larger patriarchal clans were, above all, a military entity, the more powerful clans possessed and controlled a stronger armed force. Meanwhile, a patriarchal clan was also an economic entity, within which, there were both serflabor and slavery labor, it included two economic factors of serfdom and slave-owning system.