小麦胚乳充实特性研究初报

Studies on the Characteristics of Endosperm Filling in Wheat

通过剪叶去穗试验探讨了小麦籽粒从乳熟始到面团期不同小穗位、不同粒位籽粒胚乳的容积扩充和物质填充特性以及源库改变对不同小穗位、不同粒位籽粒胚乳充实的影响。结果表明:（1）不同部位相同粒数的小穗间,下部小穗籽粒胚乳的容积扩充量和物质填充量大于上部小穗同一粒位;不同类型小穗的相同粒位间,3粒小穗大于2粒小穗,2粒小穗又大于1粒小穗;同一小穗不同粒位间,3粒小穗的第2粒位最大,基部粒位次之,最上粒位最少;2粒小穗相应粒位的籽粒胚乳相差不大;胚乳充实量大的小穗位、粒位,更突出表现在胚乳的容积扩充量上,这导致胚乳充实比的下降,相反则导致上升。（2）剪叶去穗后,籽粒胚乳的各种参数都发生了较大变化。去穗处理籽粒胚乳容积扩充量和物质填充量均变大,但胚乳充实比变小;剪叶处理籽粒胚乳,与上面各种参数的变化相反。这是因为容积扩充量更为敏感,变化幅度更大。

The experiment was carried out from 1999 to 2000 in Yangling to study the characteristics of endosperm filling and the influence on them by the alteration of source-sink at different positions during grain filling period in wheat. The main results as follows: Along the rachis, the upper the location was, the less the filling of their endosperm was. The filling of endosperm in the same location with three grains was better than that with two grains. The filling of endosperm of the second in a spike with three grains were the best, while the upmost in it was the worst. It was especially more of the volume of endosperm having filled than their dry weight for a grain whose filled quantity was great. The filled quantity of endosperm increased if their spikes were cut during flowering, while decreased if their leaves were cut. It affected the volume of endosperm more than their weight .