陆地棉高品质系的杂种优势利用研究

Study on Heterosis Utilization of Upland Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) Lines with High Fiber Quality

采用 NCII设计 ,以 5个高品质系与 12个抗病品系配制杂交组合 ,杂种优势和配合力分析表明 :F1 的群体平均优势、超亲优势和竞争优势 ,子棉产量分别为 2 8.92 %、2 0 .69%和 19.42 % ,皮棉产量分别为 3 1.40 %、2 2 .3 4%和 18.79% ;F1 纤维品质的竞争优势和群体平均优势 ,2 .5 %跨长为5 .0 5 %和 0 .47% ,比强度为 2 1.0 6%和 2 .3 9% ,麦克隆值为 -6.60 %和 -0 .0 9%。子棉产量、皮棉产量、单株铃数和铃重以显性方差为主 ,分别占表型方差的 66.3 1%、66.12 %、61.0 8%和 65 .0 6% ;衣分的加性方差和显性方差均达极显著水平 ,分别占表型方差的 5 1.64 %和 3 9.47%。2 .5 %跨长、比强度和麦克隆值以加性方差为主 ,分别占表型方差的 73 .0 9%、72 .19%和 66.0 8%。高品质系与抗病品系配制的杂交组合 ,F1 皮棉产量较现有推广品种增产 15 %以上 ,比强度提高 2 0 %以上 ,2 .5 %跨长和细度提高 5 %以上。

To analyze heterosis and combining ability, the crosses were made between 5 high fiber quality lines and 12 disease resistance lines by NCII design. The results showed that the Hpm-heterosis over mid parent value based on population mean, Hpb-heterosis over better parent and Hck-heterosis over check were 28.92%, 20.69% and 19.42% for seed cotton yield, and 31.40%, 22.34 % and 18.79% for lint yield respectively. The Hck and Hpm of 2.5% span length were 5.50% and 0.47%, the Hck and Hpm of fiber strength were 21.06% and 2.39%, the Hck and Hpm of micronaire value were 6.60% and 0.09% respectively. For seed cotton yield, lint yield, boll number per plant and boll weight, the SCA variance ratio to phenotype were 66.31%, 66.12%, 61.08% and 65.05%. The GCA and SCA variance ratio to phenotype for lint percent both were significant, and were 51.64% and 39.47% respectively. For 2.5% span length, fiber strength and micronare value, the GCA variance ratio to phenotype were 73.09%, 72.19% and 66.08% respectively. The increment of F 1 hybrid over popular variety were higher than 15%, 20%, 5% and 5% for lint yield, fiber strength, span length and fineness.